Teachers usually can’t use standardized tests to accelerate students’ learning. The tests are often too general and the results too slow in coming to help teachers make daily instructional decisions.

Evidence is gathered about student achievement or understanding. The information allows the instructor or learner to alter future instructional steps. It is done to improve learning outcomes (Black & ...

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments, which evaluate ...

Sometimes when teachers see good formative-assessment lessons in action, they believe they represent unrealistic aspirations for their own classrooms. In these lessons, students may be developing ...